1957 New York Yankees
Baseball Player Won-Loss Records
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1957 New York Yankees
*
Traditional Statistics and Splits (Retrosheet)
New York Yankees -
Franchise Page
(Regular Season)
(
1957 American League
)
Postseason
Positional Average
(Weighted Avg of Options): 0.500
(1-Year)
(9-Year)
(Long-Run)
Positional Averages for Pitchers
(Wgted Avg of Options): "0.500
"vs. Different Values for Starting vs. Relief Pitchers: (Empirical)
(Based on Pitchers who Do Both)
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Mickey Mantle
24.8
12.6
11.5
13.4
24.0
13.3
9.9
11.8
Gil McDougald
20.5
16.0
5.0
6.9
19.4
17.1
3.0
4.8
Yogi Berra
15.4
12.7
3.1
4.5
14.7
13.4
1.6
3.1
Hank Bauer
16.6
12.8
2.9
4.4
15.6
13.8
0.8
2.3
Bill Skowron
14.7
11.5
2.2
3.5
14.2
12.1
1.0
2.3
Harry Simpson
8.6
6.3
1.8
2.6
7.6
7.3
-0.2
0.6
Andy Carey
8.3
6.8
1.4
2.1
7.5
7.6
-0.2
0.5
Enos Slaughter
8.2
6.6
1.2
2.0
7.7
7.0
0.2
1.0
Tony Kubek
12.8
12.3
0.2
1.5
12.3
12.8
-0.8
0.5
Jerry Lumpe
3.1
2.8
0.3
0.7
3.1
2.8
0.3
0.6
Bobby Richardson
8.2
8.7
-0.3
0.6
7.5
9.4
-1.6
-0.7
Elston Howard
9.8
9.9
-0.6
0.4
9.1
10.6
-2.0
-1.0
Darrell Johnson
0.9
1.0
-0.1
0.0
0.8
1.1
-0.2
-0.1
Bobby Del Greco
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.1
Woodie Held
0.0
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
Jerry Coleman
4.8
5.4
-0.5
-0.0
5.0
5.2
-0.2
0.3
Zeke Bella
0.1
0.3
-0.3
-0.2
0.2
0.2
-0.1
-0.0
Joe Collins
3.7
5.0
-1.4
-0.9
3.9
4.7
-0.9
-0.5
Billy Martin
3.4
4.8
-1.4
-1.0
3.4
4.8
-1.3
-0.9
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
164.3
135.9
24.9
40.5
156.6
143.6
9.3
24.8
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Tom Sturdivant
13.7
11.1
3.3
4.8
12.9
11.8
2.0
3.5
Bobby Shantz
10.4
7.8
3.0
4.1
9.5
8.6
1.4
2.5
Bob Turley
12.1
10.0
2.6
4.0
11.2
10.8
1.1
2.5
Whitey Ford
8.8
6.8
2.4
3.4
7.9
7.7
0.7
1.6
Don Larsen
9.1
7.3
2.2
3.2
7.8
8.5
-0.2
0.8
Bob Grim
7.0
5.2
1.6
2.7
6.2
6.0
0.3
1.4
Art Ditmar
7.2
6.0
1.4
2.4
7.0
6.2
1.0
2.0
Johnny Kucks
9.8
10.3
0.0
1.3
10.2
9.9
1.0
2.3
Sal Maglie
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.8
1.4
0.5
0.8
Tommy Byrne
4.7
5.2
-0.3
0.5
4.8
5.1
-0.1
0.7
Ralph Terry
1.3
1.1
0.3
0.5
1.3
1.1
0.3
0.4
Al Cicotte
1.6
2.4
-0.6
-0.3
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.3
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
87.7
74.1
17.0
27.8
82.7
79.2
8.2
18.9
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
TEAM TOTALS
252.0
210.0
42.0
68.3
239.2
222.8
17.4
43.7
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Mickey Mantle
17.1
8.2
0.675
1.6
0.9
0.636
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.0
4.7
0.517
Gil McDougald
11.6
10.2
0.531
1.1
1.0
0.527
0.0
0.0
0.000
6.6
5.9
0.525
Yogi Berra
12.5
11.4
0.523
0.7
0.7
0.502
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.4
1.4
0.503
Hank Bauer
10.6
9.3
0.533
1.0
0.6
0.630
0.0
0.0
0.000
3.9
3.9
0.499
Bill Skowron
11.4
9.5
0.545
1.0
0.9
0.514
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.8
1.7
0.518
Harry Simpson
5.7
5.4
0.512
0.2
0.2
0.506
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.7
1.6
0.509
Andy Carey
4.7
5.2
0.479
0.3
0.4
0.447
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.5
2.0
0.547
Enos Slaughter
5.3
4.8
0.524
0.3
0.5
0.388
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.1
1.8
0.545
Tony Kubek
7.2
7.6
0.488
0.9
1.1
0.464
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.2
4.1
0.504
Jerry Lumpe
2.1
1.7
0.557
0.2
0.2
0.513
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.8
0.9
0.458
Bobby Richardson
4.0
5.5
0.420
0.5
0.6
0.460
0.0
0.0
0.000
3.1
3.2
0.492
Elston Howard
5.9
7.0
0.458
0.4
0.6
0.368
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.9
2.8
0.505
Darrell Johnson
0.7
0.9
0.440
0.0
0.1
0.310
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.1
0.418
Bobby Del Greco
0.1
0.1
0.626
0.0
0.0
0.800
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.2
0.2
0.434
Woodie Held
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
Jerry Coleman
2.7
2.7
0.493
0.4
0.3
0.580
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.0
2.3
0.469
Zeke Bella
0.1
0.2
0.253
0.0
0.0
0.220
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.0
0.732
Joe Collins
3.0
3.6
0.451
0.2
0.2
0.508
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.8
0.9
0.464
Billy Martin
2.1
2.9
0.422
0.1
0.2
0.377
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.2
1.7
0.429
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
106.7
96.2
0.526
9.0
8.4
0.516
0.0
0.0
0.000
40.4
39.4
0.506
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Tom Sturdivant
0.5
1.0
0.344
0.1
0.0
0.571
12.0
10.6
0.532
0.3
0.2
0.520
Bobby Shantz
0.7
0.9
0.438
0.1
0.1
0.578
8.2
7.6
0.518
0.4
0.2
0.709
Bob Turley
0.5
1.0
0.309
0.0
0.1
0.207
10.4
9.4
0.525
0.3
0.3
0.525
Whitey Ford
0.5
0.9
0.348
0.0
0.0
0.345
7.1
6.7
0.514
0.3
0.2
0.646
Don Larsen
0.7
1.0
0.436
0.2
0.1
0.659
6.8
7.2
0.486
0.2
0.3
0.369
Bob Grim
0.3
0.3
0.513
0.0
0.0
0.103
5.8
5.4
0.514
0.2
0.2
0.414
Art Ditmar
0.3
0.6
0.384
0.0
0.0
0.606
6.4
5.5
0.538
0.2
0.2
0.517
Johnny Kucks
0.5
1.1
0.294
0.0
0.1
0.380
9.3
8.5
0.524
0.4
0.2
0.640
Sal Maglie
0.1
0.1
0.347
0.0
0.0
0.402
1.7
1.2
0.576
0.0
0.0
0.614
Tommy Byrne
0.9
0.8
0.548
0.0
0.0
0.599
3.7
4.2
0.469
0.1
0.1
0.696
Ralph Terry
0.0
0.1
0.393
0.0
0.0
0.027
1.2
1.0
0.543
0.1
0.0
0.790
Al Cicotte
0.2
0.4
0.319
0.0
0.0
0.698
1.8
1.7
0.511
0.0
0.0
0.402
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
5.2
8.0
0.393
0.5
0.5
0.508
74.3
69.0
0.518
2.5
1.9
0.566
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
TEAM TOTALS
111.9
104.2
0.518
9.4
8.9
0.515
74.3
69.0
0.518
42.9
41.4
0.509
eWin, eLoss, eWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Yogi Berra
13.5
12.1
1.8
Elston Howard
2.3
2.4
-0.0
Darrell Johnson
0.7
1.0
-0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
16.5
15.4
1.6
First Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bill Skowron
13.5
11.6
0.7
Harry Simpson
2.4
1.8
0.4
Joe Collins
2.0
2.1
-0.3
Elston Howard
0.0
0.1
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.9
15.6
0.7
Second Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bobby Richardson
7.6
9.3
-1.5
Jerry Coleman
2.9
3.2
-0.2
Billy Martin
2.3
3.3
-0.9
Gil McDougald
2.3
2.1
0.2
Tony Kubek
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
15.1
18.0
-2.4
Third Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Andy Carey
7.3
7.2
-0.2
Tony Kubek
3.6
3.4
0.1
Jerry Lumpe
2.3
2.2
0.1
Jerry Coleman
1.7
1.4
0.2
Billy Martin
1.2
1.4
-0.2
Gil McDougald
0.7
0.4
0.3
------
------
------
TOTAL
16.7
16.0
0.3
Shortstop
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Gil McDougald
16.4
14.6
2.3
Tony Kubek
4.0
4.6
-0.5
Jerry Lumpe
0.5
0.4
0.1
Jerry Coleman
0.3
0.5
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.1
20.1
1.8
Left Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Elston Howard
6.5
7.6
-1.8
Enos Slaughter
6.2
5.3
0.4
Tony Kubek
3.1
3.1
-0.3
Harry Simpson
2.0
1.8
0.0
Yogi Berra
0.7
0.7
-0.2
Hank Bauer
0.6
0.3
0.3
Joe Collins
0.2
0.2
-0.1
Zeke Bella
0.0
0.1
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
19.4
19.1
-1.6
Center Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Mickey Mantle
23.6
13.6
9.1
Tony Kubek
1.6
1.4
0.1
Bobby Del Greco
0.3
0.3
0.0
Joe Collins
0.1
0.3
-0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
25.6
15.6
9.0
Right Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Hank Bauer
14.8
13.4
0.5
Harry Simpson
2.5
2.8
-0.5
Joe Collins
0.8
0.7
-0.0
Enos Slaughter
0.4
0.4
-0.1
Zeke Bella
0.2
0.1
0.0
Yogi Berra
0.1
0.1
0.0
Elston Howard
0.1
0.1
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
18.9
17.7
-0.1
Designated Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Joe Collins
0.8
1.6
-0.6
Enos Slaughter
1.1
1.3
-0.0
Harry Simpson
0.7
0.9
-0.1
Bill Skowron
0.8
0.4
0.5
Yogi Berra
0.4
0.5
-0.1
Tommy Byrne
0.5
0.3
0.2
Elston Howard
0.3
0.3
0.1
Jerry Lumpe
0.3
0.3
0.0
Andy Carey
0.2
0.3
-0.1
Hank Bauer
0.1
0.2
0.0
Tony Kubek
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Jerry Coleman
0.1
0.1
0.0
Darrell Johnson
0.0
0.2
-0.2
Mickey Mantle
0.1
0.1
0.0
Don Larsen
0.1
0.1
0.1
Billy Martin
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Zeke Bella
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Gil McDougald
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bobby Del Greco
0.0
0.0
0.0
Woodie Held
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bobby Richardson
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
5.5
6.7
-0.5
Pinch Runner
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bobby Richardson
0.0
0.0
0.0
Joe Collins
0.0
0.0
0.0
Andy Carey
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bobby Shantz
0.0
0.0
0.0
Jerry Lumpe
0.0
0.0
0.0
Hank Bauer
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Elston Howard
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Tony Kubek
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bobby Del Greco
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Jerry Coleman
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Don Larsen
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.1
0.1
0.1
Pitcher Offense
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Don Larsen
0.8
1.0
0.2
Bobby Shantz
0.8
0.9
0.2
Tom Sturdivant
0.6
1.1
-0.0
Johnny Kucks
0.5
1.2
-0.2
Bob Turley
0.5
1.1
-0.1
Whitey Ford
0.5
0.9
-0.0
Art Ditmar
0.4
0.6
0.0
Tommy Byrne
0.5
0.4
0.2
Bob Grim
0.3
0.3
0.1
Al Cicotte
0.2
0.4
-0.0
Sal Maglie
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Ralph Terry
0.0
0.1
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
5.1
8.1
0.5
Starting Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Tom Sturdivant
12.3
10.8
1.6
Bob Turley
9.6
8.5
1.2
Johnny Kucks
7.9
7.6
0.4
Bobby Shantz
7.9
7.0
1.0
Don Larsen
6.0
6.3
-0.2
Whitey Ford
6.1
6.1
0.1
Art Ditmar
2.8
3.3
-0.4
Sal Maglie
1.3
1.0
0.3
Tommy Byrne
0.9
1.0
-0.1
Ralph Terry
1.0
0.8
0.2
Al Cicotte
0.5
0.8
-0.3
------
------
------
TOTAL
56.5
53.2
3.8
Relief Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bob Grim
5.9
5.7
0.1
Tommy Byrne
2.9
3.3
-0.4
Art Ditmar
3.7
2.4
1.2
Johnny Kucks
1.8
1.2
0.6
Al Cicotte
1.2
1.0
0.1
Bob Turley
1.1
1.2
-0.1
Don Larsen
0.9
1.1
-0.2
Whitey Ford
1.2
0.8
0.4
Bobby Shantz
0.7
0.8
-0.1
Sal Maglie
0.4
0.2
0.2
Ralph Terry
0.3
0.2
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.2
17.8
1.9
Team eWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1957 New York Yankees
6.3
1.6
0.7
-2.4
0.3
1.8
-1.6
9.0
-0.1
-0.5
pWin, pLoss, pWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Yogi Berra
14.3
11.2
3.5
Elston Howard
2.4
2.3
0.2
Darrell Johnson
0.9
0.8
0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.6
14.3
3.8
First Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bill Skowron
13.7
11.4
1.1
Harry Simpson
2.9
1.4
1.3
Joe Collins
1.9
2.1
-0.4
Elston Howard
0.0
0.1
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
18.5
15.0
2.0
Second Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bobby Richardson
8.2
8.7
-0.3
Jerry Coleman
3.1
3.1
0.1
Billy Martin
2.2
3.4
-1.2
Gil McDougald
2.0
2.5
-0.4
Tony Kubek
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
15.4
17.7
-1.8
Third Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Andy Carey
8.1
6.4
1.5
Tony Kubek
3.9
3.1
0.8
Jerry Lumpe
2.3
2.2
-0.0
Jerry Coleman
1.5
1.6
-0.1
Billy Martin
1.2
1.3
-0.2
Gil McDougald
0.6
0.5
0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.6
15.1
2.1
Shortstop
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Gil McDougald
18.0
13.0
5.4
Tony Kubek
3.7
4.9
-1.0
Jerry Lumpe
0.5
0.3
0.2
Jerry Coleman
0.2
0.6
-0.4
------
------
------
TOTAL
22.4
18.9
4.2
Left Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Elston Howard
7.2
6.9
-0.5
Enos Slaughter
6.7
4.9
1.3
Tony Kubek
3.4
2.9
0.3
Harry Simpson
2.0
1.9
-0.1
Yogi Berra
0.6
0.8
-0.4
Hank Bauer
0.5
0.4
0.1
Joe Collins
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Zeke Bella
0.0
0.1
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.4
18.1
0.5
Center Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Mickey Mantle
24.7
12.5
11.4
Tony Kubek
1.8
1.3
0.4
Bobby Del Greco
0.3
0.3
0.0
Joe Collins
0.1
0.3
-0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
26.9
14.4
11.6
Right Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Hank Bauer
15.9
12.3
2.8
Harry Simpson
2.8
2.5
0.2
Joe Collins
0.7
0.8
-0.1
Enos Slaughter
0.3
0.6
-0.3
Zeke Bella
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Yogi Berra
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Elston Howard
0.1
0.1
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.0
16.5
2.3
Designated Hitter
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Joe Collins
0.8
1.6
-0.6
Enos Slaughter
1.2
1.1
0.2
Harry Simpson
0.9
0.6
0.4
Bill Skowron
1.0
0.1
0.9
Yogi Berra
0.4
0.4
0.1
Tommy Byrne
0.7
0.1
0.6
Elston Howard
0.2
0.4
-0.2
Jerry Lumpe
0.4
0.2
0.2
Andy Carey
0.2
0.3
-0.2
Hank Bauer
0.2
0.1
0.0
Tony Kubek
0.0
0.3
-0.2
Jerry Coleman
0.0
0.2
-0.1
Darrell Johnson
0.0
0.2
-0.2
Mickey Mantle
0.1
0.1
0.0
Don Larsen
0.1
0.0
0.1
Billy Martin
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Zeke Bella
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Gil McDougald
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bobby Del Greco
0.0
0.0
0.0
Woodie Held
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bobby Richardson
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
6.2
6.0
0.8
Pinch Runner
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bobby Richardson
0.0
0.0
0.0
Joe Collins
0.0
0.0
0.0
Andy Carey
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bobby Shantz
0.0
0.0
0.0
Jerry Lumpe
0.0
0.0
0.0
Hank Bauer
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Elston Howard
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Tony Kubek
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bobby Del Greco
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Jerry Coleman
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Don Larsen
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.1
0.1
0.0
Pitcher Offense
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Don Larsen
1.0
0.9
0.5
Bobby Shantz
0.8
0.9
0.3
Tom Sturdivant
0.6
1.1
-0.0
Johnny Kucks
0.5
1.1
-0.1
Bob Turley
0.5
1.1
-0.1
Whitey Ford
0.5
0.8
0.1
Art Ditmar
0.4
0.5
0.1
Tommy Byrne
0.4
0.6
0.0
Bob Grim
0.5
0.1
0.5
Al Cicotte
0.1
0.4
-0.1
Sal Maglie
0.1
0.1
0.0
Ralph Terry
0.1
0.1
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
5.5
7.7
1.2
Starting Pitching
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Tom Sturdivant
13.1
10.0
3.3
Bob Turley
10.1
8.0
2.2
Johnny Kucks
7.5
8.0
-0.4
Bobby Shantz
8.5
6.4
2.2
Don Larsen
7.0
5.3
1.8
Whitey Ford
6.9
5.3
1.7
Art Ditmar
3.0
3.1
-0.1
Sal Maglie
1.5
0.8
0.7
Tommy Byrne
0.8
1.2
-0.4
Ralph Terry
0.9
0.9
0.0
Al Cicotte
0.4
0.8
-0.3
------
------
------
TOTAL
59.9
49.7
10.7
Relief Pitching
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bob Grim
6.5
5.1
1.2
Tommy Byrne
2.9
3.3
-0.5
Art Ditmar
3.8
2.3
1.3
Johnny Kucks
1.7
1.2
0.5
Al Cicotte
1.1
1.2
-0.2
Bob Turley
1.4
0.8
0.6
Don Larsen
1.0
1.1
-0.1
Whitey Ford
1.3
0.7
0.6
Bobby Shantz
1.0
0.5
0.5
Sal Maglie
0.5
0.2
0.3
Ralph Terry
0.4
0.1
0.3
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.5
16.5
4.5
Team pWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1957 New York Yankees
16.4
3.8
2.0
-1.8
2.1
4.2
0.5
11.6
2.3
0.9
*
Player won-loss records are calculated using Retrosheet play-by-play data. For some seasons, Retrosheet does not have full play-by-play data for all games. In these cases, some games may be missing.
The number of Games shown here are the number of games for which Retrosheet play-by-play data exist and were used in these calculations.
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